Related Terms

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Background

• Neutering, also called castration, is the complete or partial surgical removal of an animal's reproductive organs. In females, the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, and uterus are usually removed (called an ovariohysterectomy or spaying). Alternatively, it is also possible to remove only the ovaries (ovariectomy), which is mainly done in cats and young female dogs. Animals that have been neutered are sterile, meaning that they cannot reproduce. Some people refer to neutered or spayed animals as having been "fixed."
• Worldwide, the population of dogs and cats exceeds the number of people who are able to care for them. In the United States alone, millions are stray and often experience traumas, starvation, or diseases. Animal welfare groups, such as the Humane Society and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA), urge pet owners to neuter and spay their pets in order to prevent the overpopulation of these animals.
• Animals that have not been neutered or spayed often reproduce quickly, which may result in unwanted pets that either become feral or are dropped off at animal shelters. According to the Humane Society, there are an estimated 6-8 million homeless animals entering animal shelters every year in the United States. Only half of these animals are adopted, leaving the other half to be euthanized. Neutering and spaying of pets greatly reduces the number of homeless animals that are euthanized.
• Cats and dogs can start mating as early as six months of age, which is why veterinarians often recommend having kittens and puppies neutered or spayed at an early age.
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Technique

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Theory/Evidence

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Safety

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Author Information

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References

Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a thorough systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to www.naturalstandard.com. Selected references are listed below.

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