Synonyms/Common Names/Related Substances:

• 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, 2-(p-toluyl)propan-2-ol, 4- isopropenyl-l-methylbenzene, 5-methoxypsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, acetylapiin, allyl tetramethoxybenzene, aluminum, Apiaceae, apigenin, apigenin 7-O-(6-O-malonylglucoside, apiol, apiose, Apium petroselinum, Apium petroselinum L., Belgian parsley, bergapten, bergaptene, berlinska, beta-carotene, ß-phellandrene, beta-phellandrene, bur parsley, caffeoyl esters, calcium, carotene, carotenoid phytonutrients, Carum petroselinum, Caucatis platycarpos, Chinese parsley, chlorophyll, chrysoeriol, cilantro, Conioselinum vaginatum, coriander, Coriandrum sativum, coumarins, crispane, crispanone, cukrowa, curled parsley, curly-leaf parsley, curly parsley, Cymopterus spp., cytochrome f, diosmetin, European parsley, fatty acids, fermented parsley juice, feruloyl esters, flat-leaf parsley, flavanols, flavones, flavonols, folic acid, furanocoumarins, furocoumarins, gamma-tocopherol, glutathione, glycolipids, Hamburg parsley, hemlock parsley, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, inositol, iodine, iron, isopimpinellin, isorhamnetin, Italian parsley, kaempferol, kinga, koral, limonene, lutein-zeaxanthin, luteolin, magnesium, menthatriene, methylbenzene, monoterpene, myrcene, myristicin, N-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, nicotinic acid, Ombrelliferae, oxalic acid, oxypeucedanin, parsley apiole, parsley fruits, parsley-haulm, parsley hypocotyls, parsleyapiole, p-coumaric acid derivatives, pectic substance, petersilie, petrosilini herba, petrosilini radix, Petroselinum crispum, Petroselinum crispum A.W. Hill., Petroselinum crispum X 'Mooskrause,' Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A. Hill., Petroselinum crispum Mill. Nym., Petroselinum crispum Mill. (Nym.), Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nym. ex Hill., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A.W. Hill., Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nyman ex A. W. Hill., Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nyman ex A. W. Hilland, Petroselinum crispum Nym., Petroselinum hortense, Petroselinum hortense Hoffm., Petroselinumlatifolium, Petroselinum neapolitanum, Petroselinum sativum, Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. ssp. microcarpum, Petroselinum tuberosum, Petroselinum vulgare, Petroserinum sativum, petroside, phosphorous, phthalides, phylloquinone, phytoalexins, plastocyanin, polyacetylene, potassium, psoralen, quercetin, sesquiterpenes, Umbelliferae, vistula, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin K1, xanthotoxin, xylose.
• Combination products: Asparagus P® (asparagus root and parsley leaf).
• Note: Other unrelated species are commonly referred to as parsley and are not included in this monograph: upright hedge-parsley or hedge parsley (Torilis japonica), mitsuba (marsh parsley), cow parsley (Chaerophyllum maculatum willd.), hemlock parsley, Keats, Socrates and fool's parsley, spring parsley (Cymopterus watsonii), mountain parsley (Peucedanum oreoselinum), Chinese parsley (Coriandrum sativum), burr parsley (Caucalis platycarpos), Jerusalem parsley (Chenopodium ambrosioides), or French parsley (Anthriscus cerefolium).

Clinical Bottom Line/Effectiveness

Brief Background:

• The most common forms of parsley used for medicinal purposes are Petroselinum crispum (curled leaf parsley) and Petroselinum neapolitanum (Italian parsley, also known as flat-leaf parsley); other Petroselinum species and Coriandrum sativum (Chinese parsley, also known as coriander or cilantro) are also used (1;​2). This monograph focuses on the Petroselinum species. In capsule form, Petroselinum crispum is supplied as an oil, root, leaf, or seed (the oil has the highest potency, followed by the seeds) (3).
• Currently, the strongest evidence exists for Petroselinum crispum's antioxidant properties (4). Some human and animal study suggested that parsley has a diuretic effect (5;​6) and a hypoglycemic effect (7;​8). In vitro study has noted that Petroselinum crispum may have some potential for the treatment of malignancies (9) and bacterial infections (10;​11).
• Better-designed clinical trials are needed before recommendations can be made regarding taking parsley for any health condition.

Dosing/Toxicology

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Precautions/Contraindications

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Interactions

Most herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested for interactions with other herbs, supplements, drugs, or foods. The interactions listed below are based on reports in scientific publications, laboratory experiments, or traditional use. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy.

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Mechanism of Action

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History

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Evidence Table

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Evidence Discussion

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Products Studied

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Author Information

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References

Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a thorough systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to www.naturalstandard.com. Selected references are listed below.

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